Abstract

Metformin is the most widely-prescribed oral hypoglycemic medication for type 2 diabetes worldwide. Metformin also retards aging in model organisms and reduces the incidence of aging-related diseases such as neurodegenerative disease and cancer in humans.In spite of its widespread use, the mechanisms by which metformin exerts favorable effects on aging remain largely unknown. Further, not all individuals prescribed metformin derive the same benefit, and some develop side effects. Before metformin finds its way to mainstay therapy for anti-aging, a more granular understanding of the effects of the drug in humans is needed. This review provides an overview of recent findings from metformin studies in aging and longevity and discusses the use of metformin to combat aging and aging-related diseases.

Metformin has many benefits, including:

• Treating type 2 diabetes
• Metformin is a first-line medication for treating type 2 diabetes, especially for people who are overweight or obese. It works by:
• • Decreasing the amount of glucose absorbed from food and made by the liver
  • Increasing the body's response to insulin
• Treating gestational diabetes
• Metformin can lower the risk of complications for both the mother and baby, such as preeclampsia, premature birth, and low blood sugar
• Preventing type 2 diabetes
• Metformin can help prevent type 2 diabetes in people who are at high risk

• Managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Metformin can help manage symptoms of PCOS by lowering insulin and blood sugar levels

• Protecting against other diseases
• Metformin may protect against diseases related to and unrelated to diabetes, including cardiovascular, renal, neurological, and neoplastic diseases

• Lowering cancer risk
• Metformin may lower the risk of cancer in people with type 2 diabetes, including cancers of the breast, colon, and prostate

• Lowering risk of dementia and stroke
• Some studies suggest that metformin may lower the risk of dementia and stroke

• Slowing aging
• Preliminary studies suggest that metformin may slow aging and increase life expectancy

Metformin is a biguanide drug that's available as a prescription tablet, liquid, or powder. It's considered safe and low cost.

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